TMJ disorders are caused by problems affecting the jaw joint and surrounding muscles. Common causes include jaw clenching or teeth grinding, which put excess strain on the joint. Misalignment of the teeth or jaw, arthritis, and injury to the jaw or head can also contribute to TMJ disorders. Chronic stress often worsens symptoms by increasing muscle tension. Additionally, connective tissue diseases or habits like chewing gum excessively can strain the joint, leading to pain, clicking, or difficulty moving the jaw.
